Last updated on August 26, 2025
YubiKey is a popular brand of hardware security keys, while FIDO2 is an open standard used by many security key manufacturers. Although people often use “FIDO2 security key” and “YubiKey” interchangeably, they are not the same thing. This article will help you learn about the differences between YubiKey vs. FIDO2 security key.
What is FIDO2?
FIDO2 is an open, vendor-neutral standard (WebAuthn + CTAP2) that enables passwordless or phishing-resistant multi-factor authentication (MFA) across browsers, platforms, and devices.
What is a FIDO2 Security Key?
A FIDO2 security key is a dedicated hardware authenticator (usually a USB or NFC key fob) that implements the FIDO2 standard for user verification and secure cryptographic signing.
What is a YubiKey?
YubiKey is Yubico’s proprietary family of hardware security keys. Most current models support FIDO2 alongside additional protocols such as FIDO U2F, Smart Card (PIV), OpenPGP, Yubico OTP, and challenge-response (HMAC-SHA-1).
YubiKey vs. FIDO2 Security Key: What’s the Difference?
The main difference is that YubiKey is a product line developed by Yubico, implementing several standards (including FIDO2, FIDO U2F, and more). In contrast, a FIDO2 security key could come from different vendors, as long as it implements the FIDO2 standard.
YubiKey vs. FIDO2 Security Key: Differences Table
| Feature | YubiKey (current 5-, Bio- & FIPS series*) | Generic FIDO2 Security Key |
|---|---|---|
| Vendor & Supply Chain | Single vendor (Yubico); audited EU/US assembly, predictable SKU lifecycle, global distribution | Multi-vendor ecosystem (Feitian, Google Titan, SoloKeys, etc.) encourages price competition and supplier diversity |
| Supported Protocols | FIDO2, FIDO U2F, PIV smart-card (CCID), OpenPGP, Yubico OTP & HMAC-SHA1 (model-dependent) | Primarily FIDO2; some models add U2F, OTP or biometric unlock |
| Form Factors / I/O | USB-A/C nano & full-size, NFC, Lightning; rugged epoxy-potted build | USB-A/C common; NFC, BLE or fingerprint offered on selected models |
| Security Certifications | FIDO L2/L3; optional FIPS 140-validated variants (Level 2 or 3) | FIDO L1–L3; FIPS models uncommon |
| Firmware Model | Signed, closed-source; five-year support window plus CVE advisories | Mix of closed and open source (e.g., Solo V2); update cadence varies |
| Typical Price (USD) | ≈ $55–90 (standard) / $99–130 (biometric or FIPS) | ≈ $25 (basic) to $120+ (biometric/FIPS) |
| Best Fit | Organisations needing one rugged key that covers FIDO2 and PIV/OpenPGP workflows, or requiring FIPS certification | Organizations prioritizing low cost and open firmware |
* Legacy YubiKey Standard/Nano (OTP-only) and YubiKey 4 (FIDO U2F, no FIDO2) differ
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Distinguishing Between YubiKeys and FIDO2 Security Keys
- Not every YubiKey is FIDO2-capable (legacy YubiKey Standard and Nano only support OTP and U2F).
- Not every FIDO2 security key is a YubiKey. Google Titan, Feitian BioPass K27, and Solo V2 are some of the many alternatives.
- For regulated environments (PCI DSS, HIPAA, NIS2), ensure the device has at least FIDO Authenticator Level 2 certification.
Advantages of YubiKey Over Other Brands of FIDO2 Security Key
- FIPS options & higher FIDO levels. YubiKey offers FIPS 140-validated variants (Level 2/3) and models certified at FIDO Authenticator Level 2/3, useful for regulated environments.
- Broader protocol coverage. Beyond FIDO2/U2F, many models add PIV smart-card (CCID), OpenPGP, Yubico OTP, and HMAC-SHA1, so one key can cover smart-card and signing workflows.
- Proven Brand and Quality. YubiKey has a track record of sturdy builds and reliable firmware updates. This is crucial for ensuring consistent performance across various platforms.
- Firmware Trust. Yubico tests its firmware extensively. Users gain confidence knowing their keys adhere to stringent security standards beyond FIDO2.
- NFC and Biometric Models. Some YubiKeys offer NFC support or integrated fingerprint scanning, which can further streamline and secure authentication flows.
Advantages of Other Brands of FIDO2 Security Key over YubiKey
- Price Range. Some FIDO2 keys might be more affordable versus YubiKey, especially if you do not need special features, such as biometrics and NFC.
- Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) transport. Several FIDO2 keys (like Thetis BLE FIDO2 Security Key) support BLE for cases where USB/NFC are not available. This transport type is not supported by YubiKeys.
- Open-source options. Some keys (e.g., Solo V2) ship with open firmware, offering transparency versus YubiKey’s signed, closed-source approach.
- Vendor Variety. FIDO2 is an open standard, which gives you many brands to choose from.
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Which Should You Choose?
That depends on your needs:
- Choose YubiKey if you want a single, enterprise-grade key that combines FIDO2 with PIV smart-card and OpenPGP support in a tamper-resistant form factor, with the option of FIPS-validated models for regulated environments.
- Choose a generic FIDO2 security key when a lower unit cost or vendor-diversity policy is paramount, or when you need features like BLE connectivity or fully open-source firmware.
Either way, modern MFA providers like Rublon MFA support both YubiKeys and FIDO2 Security Keys of other brands, as well as older FIDO U2F keys and FIDO2 software passkeys. This allows organizations more flexibility when deciding on FIDO2 Security Key vs. YubiKey.
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