CAC authentication (Common Access Card authentication) is a smartcard-based login method used by the U.S. Department of Defense. The CAC holds PKI
What is Risk-Based Authentication (RBA)?
Risk-based authentication (commonly abbreviated as “RBA”) is a dynamic security method that evaluates contextual signals, such as device
What is Strong Authentication?
Strong authentication is a security mechanism that verifies a user’s identity using two or more independent authentication factors from these
What is a Certificate Authority (CA)?
A certificate authority is a trusted organization (or server) that issues, signs, and manages digital certificates, verifying that a public key
What is FIDO Authentication and How Does It Work?
FIDO is one of the most important authentication standards behind modern phishing-resistant sign-ins, including security keys and passkeys. If you are
What is Challenge-Response Authentication?
Challenge-response authentication is a security protocol in which one party (the verifier) issues a random challenge, and the other party (the
What is PKI? Public Key Infrastructure Explained
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is the backbone of modern digital security, a structured system that enables authentication, encryption, and digital
What is a Pass‑the‑Hash Attack and How to Stop It?
A pass-the-hash attack lets an attacker sign in with stolen credential material without ever learning the victim’s actual password. That is what makes
OpenID Connect vs. OAuth: What’s the Difference?
The main difference between OAuth and OpenID Connect is that OAuth is a framework for authorization, whereas OpenID Connect is an identity layer on








